Mars
   Mars Apparition Notes
by Jim Melka

Rotating Mars
2024-2025 Featured Observations

The 2024-2025 Mars apparition is underway! Be sure to check here for updates and examples of observations from your fellow observers. You can send your images and sketches to Mars@alpo-astronomy.org for inclusion in our online gallery and review by the section coordinators (please do follow the file naming guidelines when doing so.)

North Polar Region of Mars in Very Late Winter
1/10/2025
The North Polar Vortex (NPV) of Mars circles the North Pole of Mars. It is a circular jet stream and similar to the one on Earth. It is a major weather-maker on Mars. The author thanks Teruaki Kumamori of Sakai City, Osaka, Japan whose consistently high-resolution images made these descriptions possible.
The 01 October below shows two possible cold fronts.
The 11 October image below shows possible ice storms.
The 12 October image below shows a possible large cold air mass.
The 16 October image below shows possible knot-shaped cold air masses.
The images below show the appearance of part of the NPC that up to now has been invisible due it being transparent slab ice. In previous apparitions the author has specified it as the "Life-Saver" cap.
The 30 November images below show more of the North Polar Cap and a massive knot of cold air.
This author again thanks Teruaki Kumamori of Sakai City, Osaka, Japan whose consistently high-resolution images made these descriptions possible.

Mid-Summer Southern Hemisphere Dust Storms
9/24/2024

Bright dust clouds were imaged in and around Erythraeum Mare in mid-Summer. See the August 20, 21 and 22, 2024 images below recorded by Gary Walker with a 10" A-P Mak-Cass. in Georgia USA. The leftmost image was recorded by Mike Wolle on August 14th using an 18" Newtonian in Knittefield, Austria. It shows the region before the dust storms. The atmosphere looks like it is saturated in dust. The Aug. 20th image shows a large dust cloud in Eos and one in a kilometers-long band in Erythraeum Mare. Further south is another kilometers-long band stretching from Argyre to Ogygis Regio. The August 21st image shows the two dust bands consolidated and stretching westward covering Bosporous and Solis Lacus. The dark area southwest of Aurora Sinus is the western end of Erythraeum Mare. The August 22nd image shows a mostly clear Erythraeum Mare and a large, very bright dust cloud over Solis Lacus. It also shows a large swath of dust stretching from Argyre II through Australe in the South Polar Region and curving into Daedalia along the morning limb. The blue clouds in the North Polar Region show changes occurring in what is generally referred to as the North Polar Hood.

Gary Walker also recorded the August 24, 25, 26 and 28 images below. I think they show the aftermath of the dust storms with much of the dust deposited on the ground. However, there is still some much-reduced airborne dust on August 24th and 25th. Normal features are now becoming visible in the August 26th and 28th images. The North Polar Hood activity has increased. 


   Mars News Headlines
A Clue to Ancient Life? What Scientists Found Inside Mars’ Frozen Vortex
10/20/2025

TBD
Scientists have been studying the atmosphere within Mars' north polar vortex, a region of extreme cold and darkness where water vapor freezes out and ozone levels dramatically increase. The research is significant as it provides insights into the potential for ancient life on Mars. The unique conditions found inside the vortex—the lack of sunlight and moisture—could mimic the subsurface environments that might have once harbored life, prompting further research into the planet's atmospheric chemistry and habitability.

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Scientists Stunned by Wild Martian Dust Devils Racing at Hurricane Speeds
10/10/2025

TBD
New research utilizing deep learning on thousands of satellite images has revealed that Martian winds are far stronger than previously assumed. Scientists found that dust devils, or swirling plumes of air and dust, on Mars can reach speeds up to 160 km/h. This discovery indicates that powerful gusts play a more significant role in shaping the planet's climate and dust cycle than previously thought.

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   Event Calendar

Dec 26, 2022
Mars - Equinox - Northern Spring/Southern Autumn. North Polar Hood (NPH) breaking up, North Polar Cap (NPC) should be exposed.

Jan 12, 2023
Mars - Retrogression Ends. North Polar Hood (NPH) breaking up and North Polar Cap (NPC) should be exposed. Hellas and Argyre bright?

Feb 08, 2023
Mars - NPC nearly static or entering erratic retreat, hood dissipating? Orographic cloud over Apollinaris Petera?